Makalu Base Camp Trek Difficulty
The Makalu Base Camp Trek is the grandeur result of nature’s majestic gifts and raw challenges amidst the trails. As you might have heard, this particular trek is one of the most strenuous trekking trails in Nepal that pushes the limit of both your physical endurance and mental fortitude.
But you might have a question. The Makalu Base Camp Trek, unlike any other routes, does not go to higher altitude levels above 4,870 meters so, what makes it strenuous? Well, for starters, the constant elevation gain and loss makes this trek physically demanding. Just within five days of your trekking (including the flight day from Kathmandu to Tumlingtar), you will reach the highest pass of this trek, the Shipton La Pass at an altitude of 4,200 meters.
To elaborate, the trekking distance from one point to another is usually short but it gains or loses altitude really fast. For instance, the first day of trekking to Seduwa is only 4.9 kilometers but involves an elevation gain of 786 meters and an elevation loss of 322 meters. Similarly, the trek from Tashi Gaon to Khongma Danda is 5.85 kilometers but has an elevation gain of 1,368 meters.
Hence, with this constant change in altitude levels and spending most of the trek above 3,500 meters, the risk of altitude-related issues remains high. Since your body does not get enough time to adapt to its surroundings, you may start to face symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, shortness of breath, and nausea. Therefore, pacing your body and keeping yourself hydrated while proper acclimatization is crucial. It is not an option but a necessity.
Another concerning factor that contributes to the difficulty of the Makalu Base Camp is the terrain. Starting from lush greenery of verdant valleys, subtropical forests, and meadows, the route takes you through dynamic landscapes.
Here, a lot of the trekking trails consist of steep ascents and descents with stone staircases. In fact, some staircases are almost 50 degrees. Furthermore, the paths are uneven and rocky with the presence of Barun River on occasional points making the path more complex. Altogether, the landscapes are a bit gentler before reaching the base camp, however, the risk of altitude sickness will be there.
Lastly, the remoteness and isolation of this trekking route can be a double-edged sword. While you will find peace and tranquility along the way, the facilities are limited and basic compared to classic trekking routes as Everest Base Camp Trek, Annapurna Base Camp Trek, Langtang Valley Trek, etc.
Overall, the combination of changing altitude levels, high passes, challenging terrain, remoteness of the region, and weather conditions, all contribute to the trek’s demanding nature.
Best Time For Makalu Base Camp Trek
The Makalu Base Camp Trek takes you to the foothills of the world’s fifth-highest peak, Mount Makalu. With the unique topography of the region, timing is a pivotal factor in making this trek worthwhile.
Additionally, weather conditions have a direct impact on the outcome of the journey regarding visibility, accessibility, and difficulty. Nepal Trekking Experts recommend you embark on the Makalu Base Camp Trek during Autumn and Spring for optimal views, trail conditions, and enjoyment.
The Autumn season starting from September to November is the post-monsoon season that offers excellent visibility, clear skies, and stable weather. After months-long downpours, it brings a fresher perspective of the region washing away the dirt and providing a prime window with the panoramic views of Mt. Makalu, Mt. Lhotse, Mt. Manaslu, and other surrounding peaks.
Furthermore, the air is crisp and cool during Autumn with the backdrop of crystal clear blue skies. Generally, the temperature during this season ranges from 10°C to 20°C at lower altitudes and from -5°C to 10°C at higher altitudes. If you book your trek in October, you will also get an opportunity to witness the greatest festivals of Nepalese, Dashain, and Tihar.
Indeed, Autumn sets a clear mood with festivities rolling by. Not to mention, this particular season is also a spectacular chance for photography.
Moving on to another favorable season, Spring brings calm weather with warm and sunny days. Usually, this time of the year brings bright days and comfortable temperatures that range from 10°C to 20°C at lower altitudes and from -5°C to 10°C at higher altitudes.
Here, one of the major highlights during the Spring season is the vibrant colors that it brings alongside itself. If you are trekking at this time of the year, you will see lush greenery and colorful blooms of rhododendron and magnolia. In the meantime, you will also have a higher chance to see the wildlife during the season as most of them come out from their long winter sleep.
Having said that the Spring season brings the most favorable conditions, so we recommend you schedule your travels during the middle of April to enjoy this season in its prime. Usually, even till early April, you will see some parts of the trails that are still covered in snow. Likewise, the Monsoon / Summer season starts early at the Makalu Base Camp Trekking trail and it is the second wettest area in Nepal.
Talking about the Monsoon season, it brings constant heavy rainfall in the area making it hot and humid. The temperature often ranges from 15°C to 25°C at lower altitudes and from 5°C to 15°C at higher altitudes.
During this time, the region is typically covered with heavy clouds of rain and fog hence, limiting your visibility and obstructing the views of the Himalayas. In addition to it, the continuous downpour makes the trail much more slippery and muddy making the terrain more challenging.
While this season brings the best out of water bodies, it always poses a risk of potential floods or landslides in the region. If you have trekking scheduled for this season, make sure to prepare well with necessary items and be prepared for issues such as flight cancellation or blocked paths. Hence, a buffer period is always recommended to add to your itinerary.
Lastly, the Winter in the Makalu Base Camp is harsh with freezing temperatures ranging between 5°C to 15°C at lower altitudes and from -15°C to 5°C at higher altitudes. Similarly, this season brings heavy snowfall often blocking the trails at the higher altitude level.
Here, the winter season shines a completely different light on this trail offering stunning views of the snow-capped peaks. While this trek is still doable with the right gear and prior experience, we do not recommend it to first-time or beginner trekkers.
Permits
To ensure a smooth and hassle-free journey to the Makalu Base Camp, you will need two trekking permits.
The first permit is the Makalu National Park Permit, which grants access to the protected areas of the Makalu-Barun National Park. This will cost you NRs 3,000. Likewise, the second permit you will need is the Makalu Rural Municipality Area Permit which allows you to trek through the local administrative areas of Makalu. This particular permit will cost you NRs 2,000.
Altogether, you will get these permits from the Nepal Tourism Board in Kathmandu or through the local trekking agency that you are trekking from. Additionally, you will require your original passport with a valid visa and a pair of passport-size photos to obtain this permit.
Transportation
The start of the Makalu Base Camp Trek is marked by a 30 to 35-minute scenic flight from Kathmandu to Tumlingtar. During this flight, you will get an aerial glimpse of the lush greenery and Himalayan foothills that you will soon be exploring.
Now, as you reach the bustling town of Tumlingtar in eastern Nepal, you will take a jeep ride to the trailhead at Num. This ride will take you through the winding roads of the surrounding hills and lasts for about 5 to 6 hours.
Here, the transition from Tumlingtar to Num will introduce you to the remoteness and rural lifestyle of this region. For your ride to the starting point of the trek, Num, we recommend you take a private jeep for better scenery and a comfortable journey.
Meals
The dining you will enjoy during the Makalu Base Camp will greatly fuel you throughout the journey. Unlike the popular trekking trails as Annapurna Circuit Trek, this trail will offer simple yet flavorful dishes that will provide you with the local taste of rural lifestyle.
Yet again, you will find several food items on the menu to relish. A typical day starts with a hearty breakfast, followed by a heavy lunch, and a fulfilling dinner. Generally, the food items you will find include noodles, soups, stews, eggs, breads, boiled potatoes, porridge, stews, and tea varieties.
One of the major foods you shouldn’t miss during the trek is everyday Nepalese cuisine Dal Bhat Tarkari (rice, lentil soups, and curry). This traditional dish is the reason behind the balanced calories and high-end energy in most local people’s lives. Often, the taste of this classic dish differs with tea houses and the curry also varies with the vegetable options that are available.
Since every food you eat in this journey is basic, hence, you should not expect fine dining. Moving on, you will get boiled water to drink in every tea house and we recommend you carry a reusable bottle with water purification tablets so that you can also enjoy the water from the natural streams.
Lastly, you can also carry some light snacks such as nuts, berries, chocolate bars, and candies to munch on during the trek.
Accommodation
While the trails of the Makalu Base Camp Trek are surprisingly well-maintained, the tea houses during the journey are pretty basic with little to no facilities. Most of the trail offers you accommodation in huts.
Therefore, the accommodation lacks privacy and it is also not very comfortable due to the absence of insulation. Usually, the rooms are small and the washroom is a common place outside of the rooms.
On a similar note, there are no proper heating facilities which is why we ask you to carry an insulated sleeping bag with you.
Telephone, Internet, And Charging
It is true that the Makalu Base Camp takes you to a complete wilderness. Despite the influence of modernity and rapid advancements in technology, this particular trek leaves you in complete remoteness as there is little to no connection with the outside world.
As you embark on this journey, prepare yourself to disconnect digitally as this trekking route does not have internet and wifi connection. While you may get a wifi signal at the lower elevation of the trail, it is rare.
Similarly, the telephone services are disappointing with poor network coverage and unreliable service. Some of them might have satellite phones which are generally only used at the time of emergencies.
Lastly, we recommend you carry solar-powered chargers and extra batteries for your digital devices. This is because you will not find electricity-powered charging points as you climb higher.
Porter
There is no doubt that the Makalu Base Camp is a physically demanding and logistically complex trek. That being said, it should also come as no surprise that the journey will be tiring, and with extra baggage on your back, it can directly impact on your trek’s outcome.
Hence, hiring a porter is in fact a practical solution that will not only relieve you of your physical burden but also assure you to complete the trek. Generally, the local porters you hire are more than just carriers, they have extensive knowledge of the region.
Here, a porter will carry around 20 kg of weight and oftentimes, two trekkers hire one porter. Additionally, a porter will cost you USD ___ a day excluding tips. One of the major satisfaction of hiring is to see your hard-earned money being used for the right cause.
Most porters depend on this income to sustain their livelihood and hence, by employing them, you directly contribute to the betterment of someone’s life.
Packing List For Makalu Base Camp Trek
Keeping the difficulty level, trail, and weather conditions in mind, you should pack the necessary items while avoiding extra weight for the Makalu Base Camp Trek. While packing you should understand that your list will determine the outcome of the trek.
Altogether, here is a comprehensive guide to packing the items you will need for the trek.
Clothing
Long sleeve thermal body wears
Trekking T-shirt
Fleece jacket and pants
Heavy down jacket
Waterproof and windproof jacket and pants
Inner wears
Woolen gloves
Trekking shorts
Sun hat
Sunglasses
Footwear
Lightweight and quick-drying socks
Quality trekking boots with ankle support
Hiking sandals
Slipper
Extra Items
Trekking poles
Insulated sleeping bag
Flashlight
Female hygiene products
Reusable water bottles
Water purification tablets
First-aid kits
Personal medication
Wet wipes
Soap bar
Lip balm
Quick-drying towel
Power bank
Camera
Chargers
Travel Insurance
While trekking to remote and isolated areas such as the Makalu Base Camp, travel insurance is not an option but a necessity. Though how beautiful the Makalu Base Camp Trek is; it has some level of risk as you may stumble across unforeseen circumstances that may hamper your journey.
Therefore, when you buy an insurance plan, the coverage should go beyond the basic coverage. Given the trek’s terrain, remoteness, and isolated nature, covering medical expenses and emergency helicopter evacuation is a must. Also, ensure that these costs are paid at the time of emergency rather than having to reimburse them later.
Additionally, when buying the travel insurance plan, it should also cover your trip cancellations, lost or delayed luggage, and other logistical issues. Having this will provide you peace of mind during the journey.